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Explanation
The Joke
A man is approached by government agents who inform him that, in terms of net earnings, he is exactly the median American. They tell him he is "exactly in the middle" -- he will never have more than half the country's wealth, and he will always have half below him. The agents then present him with a briefcase containing one million dollars, declaring it "a need to improve our median." In the next panel, a newspaper headline reads "Median American Is Now Millionaire," with a subheadline noting that "Math nerds continue decline."
The comic satirizes how politicians and media use statistical measures like the median to characterize the health of the economy. In reality, simply giving one person a million dollars would not change the median income at all -- the median is the middle value in a sorted list, so boosting one person's wealth does nothing unless you shift the entire distribution. The government agents' plan is statistically illiterate, which is the core of the joke.
The Humor
The humor works on two levels. First, there is the absurdity of government agents treating "the median American" as a single identifiable person who can be targeted and enriched, as if the median were a specific individual rather than a statistical abstraction. Second, the subheadline "Math nerds continue decline" slyly acknowledges that anyone who actually understands statistics would immediately see through this scheme -- but those people are apparently losing influence. It is a pointed commentary on how easily statistics can be misrepresented to create favorable headlines, a practice common in political rhetoric.